ABSTRACT This work is going to discuss the beginning or reshaping of administration in Hausa land, particularly Zazzau, we are to examine the political, social, economic and cultural transformation that took place in the early 20th century (1903) under the administration of an Emir from the Mallawa clan. Furthermore this period marks the beginning of colonial power in Zazzau. We are also going to shed some light on the inhabitants of Zazzau, the location and geography of the area, which has numerous people of diverse backgrounds, predominantly extracts from Hausa and Fulani. The economy was dynamic; labour , agriculture, manufacturing, and trade contributed to the area's economic activities. Mallawa dynasty played a vital role in the development of Zazzau Emirate; Aliyu Dan Sidi was chosen as our case study, who reigned from 1903-1920 and happened to be the grandson of the first Fulani Emir of Zazzau. He impacted the development of Zazzau Emirate in political, moral, economic and social reform. TABLE OF CONTENTS Title page ……………………………………………….…………………………………… i Declaration ………………………………………………………………………………….. ii Certification ………………………………………………………………………….……... iii Dedication …………………………………………………………..……………….……… iv Acknowledgements ………………………………………………..………………….………v Abstract …………………………………………………………………………….……….. vi Table of Contents ………………………………………………………………….……….. vii CHAPTER ONE BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1.0 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………… 1 1.2 Statement of research problems ……………………………………………………….… 1 1.3Aims and objectives of the research ……………………………………………………... 2 1.4 Scope and limitations of the study ……………………………………………………..…2 1.5 Justification and Significance of the study ………………………………………………. 3 1.6 Research methodology …………………………………………………………………... 3 1.7 Literature review …………………………………………………………...……………. 4 CHAPTER TWO Land and people of Zazzau Emirate 2.1 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………… 5 2.2 The geography and location of Zaria ………………………………………….………… 5 2.3 People of Zazzau Emirate ………………………………………………………..……… 7 2.4 Economic activities in Zaria …………………………………………………………….. 8 2.5 Socio-political institution in Zaria ……………………………………..……………….. 23 2.6 Summary ……………………………………………………………………………….. 26 CHAPTER THREE Biography and contributions of Aliyu Dan Sidi to the development of Mallawa dynasty in Zazzau emirate 1903-1920. 3.1Introduction ………………………………………………………………………...…… 27 3.2 Background history of Aliyu Dan Sidi …………………………………………………..27 3.3 Contributions of Aliyu Dan Sidi ……………………………………………………..… 28 3.4 Specialisation of Aliyu Dan Sidi ……………………………………………………….. 30 3.5 Summary ……………………………………………………………………………….. 31 CHAPTER FOUR Impact of Aliyu Dan Sidi in Zazzau emirate towards social ,political, economic and moral Reformation 4.0 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………….. 32 4.1 Political Reform …………………………………………………………………………32 4.2 moral reform ………………………………………………..……………………………32 4.3 Economic Reform ………………………………………………………….…………....33 4.4 Social Reform …………………………………………………………………………... 34 4.5 Summary ……………………………………………………………………………….. 34 CHAPTER FIVE Summary 5.0 Summary ………………………………………………………………………..……… 36 5.1 General Conclusion …………………………………………………………………..… 36 Summary …………………………………..……………………………………………...…38 Bibliography…………………………..……………………………………………………..39 Glossary………………………………………………………………………………………40 CHAPTER ONE GENERAL BACKGROUND 1.1 Introduction Zaria was one of the towns in the Hausa states that were affected by the 1804 Jihad. The 1804 Jihad played a significant role in the political, social, economic and cultural transformation of the city of Zaria and the Kingdom of Zazzau. The first Islamic reformer sent four (4) Mallams to reform its Islamic image. Malam Musa (Bamalle), Mallam Abdulkarim (Bakatsine), Mallam Yamusa (Babbarbare), and Mallam Abdulsalam (Basullube) are indeed a blessing to Zazzau Emirate. It was the effect of these Mallams that succeeded in ending the Habe dynasty, beginning with Gunguma and ending with Makau (the founder of Suleja Emirate in present Niger state), who was driven out of the Kingdom as a result of the 1804 Jihad conquest of virtually all Hausa states and establishment of new Fulani ruling dynasty. The Jihad leaders included scholars of Hausa land and Borno after them, whose writings and teaching of the development of Arabic knowledge and culture were promoted in Zazzau Emirate. 1.2 Statement of Research Problem This study is the Contributions of Mallawa dynasty to the Zazzau Emirates, a case study of Aliyu Dan Sidi 1903-1920. It is pretty evident that every work confronts several problems. The problem this research intends to address is to fill the vacuum left by the previous analysis. It is because very little had been written on the study of the Mallawa dynasty in the Zazzau Emirate, most especially within the period under study. Thus, this has largely left most people ignorant about the issue, However, who does not know how the Mallawa dynasty was established in Zazzau Emirate? Therefore, the research finds it necessary to write on this research theme to help fill the gaps in the contribution of the Mallawa dynasty in Zaria from 1903-1920. 1.3 Aim and Objectives of the Research This research work aims to a critical assessment of the Contributions of the Mallawa dynasty to the Zazzau Emirates, a case study of Aliyu Dan Sidi 1903 - 1920 through the following objectives: {a}. The research will critically trace and evaluate the Contributions of the Mallawa dynasty to the Zazzau Emirates, a case study of Aliyu Dan Sidi 1903 - 1920 (b) also, analyse factors responsible for the development of the Zazzau emirate during our period of study. {c}. Educate the people on the significant roles Mallam Aliyu Dan Sidi played within and outside Zazzau Emirate, particularly in promoting unity among the Muslim communities. {d}. To document the place of kingship at Nigeria's state and federal level development. 1.4 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY There are some events and development in the study of the contribution of the Mallawa dynasty to Zazzau Emirate, a case study of Aliyu Dan Sidi. The year 1903 was chosen as the commencement of the research because it was a period when the Emirate of Zazzau was taken over by the colonial power. Hence, it was a period when Zazzau Emirate, witnessed an administrative re-organisation by the British colonial government and the introduction of various colonial administrative policies. To facilitate rapid exploitation of the whole of Zazzau Emirate. On the other hand, the year 1920 is also chosen as the terminal date of this research because of its Historical importance to the people of Zaria at large. It was a period that showed the transformation of the Zazzau Emirate; the significance of the two periods lies in the fact that they constitute essential epochs in the history of the Zazzau Emirate. 1.5 Justification and Significance of the Study The research topic is critical, because, based on the research conducted so far, it shows that there is not much research on the contribution of the Mallawa dynasty to Zazzau Emirate a case study of Aliyu Dan Sidi in the area. However, the available ones did not address the most critical issue that this study would want to address, specifically about the work in Zaria. Furthermore, the driving force of this research work is formed by the fact that there is no critical analysis of the fundamental issues as a record of the actual nature of the contribution of the Mallawa dynasty to the Zazzau Emirate, a case study of Aliyu Dan Sidi .in the study area. However, it is on this note that this research is significant and contributes to the reconstruction of the Zaria and its impact on the people of Zazzau Emirate. 1.6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This research will strive at covering source of data for the understanding of this phenomenon under study of investigation. This research will anchor its analysis on the gathering of primary source (both oral and written document). The research will also try to record information through oral interviews in the area of study. Furthermore, the information delivered form the primary sources (oral traditional) would be guided and completed by secondary sources such as books, articles, these magazines, journal seminary papers, published materials an archives that will be consulted extensively. 1.7 Literature Review A review of related literature is inevitable to access and analyse the research topic objectively. A lot of literature has been written about the Zazzau Emirate, even enough not directly in the study area. Nevertheless it has contributed to writing this research. One of this material consulted is an unpublished B.A dissertation is written by Kabir Usman Muhammed titled "Zaria Mallams and Islamic education in Zazzau Emirate 1960-2010. This research project was submitted to the department of history, Kaduna state University Kaduna. The author discussed how Islamic education was spread into Zazzau Emirate. The research also pointed out that Zazzau Emirate had a long history of contact and relationship with Kanem Borno nationally based on a fair representation of the Kanuri elements in their political establishment. Still, some Ulama of Kanem Barno origin was sold to have established centres of Islamic education in Zazzau Emirate. The three officials of Borno origin in the Zazzau palace were the Bakon Barno (Guest of Borno representing the Mai of Borno). The Magajin Malam and Kadala family. It was this "Ulama that led to the spread of Islamic education in Zazzau emirate". The author did not discuss the problems. Encountered by Mallams like lack of modernised materials and a type of preaching, among others, this work contributed to the writing of this project. Shaikh Usman Ibn Fodio's teaching spread to Hausa land rapidly in the 19th century. This teaching and preaching were testimony of peace, harmony, stability and good to the society. He was a leader who removed all injustice in Hausa land. He did not show any form of discrimination against the student who came to learn from various places and tribes. It is an effort to make him convert non-Muslims to Muslims. Sheik Lawan Dan Fodio used his prolific scholarship, power of persuasion, charisma, and political inspiration to lunch a great movement which eventually succeeded in establishing and deal Islamic society with the active support of his brother Abdullahi and his son Muhammad Bello. The Sokoto and Gwandu. He also grew in socio-cultural and economic transformation in Hausa land in the 19th century. Another material is an article by Abdulkadir Adamu, "The role of the economic migrant group in the physical growth of development of Zaria metropolis 1902-1960. This article has shown the economic migrant group played an vital part in not only the growth of Zaria metropolis's population but also the town's physical expansion.