**Abstract:** This comprehensive manual delves into the intricate world of engineering drawing techniques and practices. Covering a wide array of topics, it serves as a valuable resource for students and professionals alike. From the fundamentals of drawing instruments and accessories to advanced concepts such as orthographic projections and computer-aided design, each chapter offers detailed insights and practical guidance. Chapter 1 explores the essentials of drawing instruments and accessories, highlighting their significance in engineering drawing. It covers topics ranging from the role of engineering drawing to the various tools utilized in the process. In Chapter 2, attention is turned towards lettering and dimensioning practices, elucidating the importance of precise communication through lettering and the principles governing dimensioning. Scales are examined in Chapter 3, providing an in-depth analysis of their types and applications, including reducing and enlarging scales and representative fractions. Chapter 4 delves into geometrical constructions, exploring conic sections, special curves, and involutes, among other topics, with practical examples and illustrations. Orthographic projections take center stage in Chapter 5, elucidating the different types of projections and techniques for projecting points, lines, and planes. Chapter 6 delves into the projection of solids, covering prisms, pyramids, cones, cylinders, and their applications in engineering drawings. In Chapter 7, the focus shifts to the development of surfaces, exploring various methods and techniques for creating accurate surface representations. Chapter 8 delves into the intersection of surfaces, providing insights into the complex geometrical relationships involved in intersecting cylinders, prisms, and other solids. Isometric projection techniques are explored in Chapter 9, offering a comprehensive overview of principles, methods, and applications. Chapter 10 introduces oblique and perspective projections, discussing their classification, methods of drawing, and applications in engineering design. Chapter 11 tackles the conversion of isometric views to orthographic views and vice versa, providing practical guidelines for translating between different projection systems. Sections of solids are explored in Chapter 12, elucidating the principles and techniques involved in sectioning solids for better visualization and analysis. Freehand sketching techniques are discussed in Chapter 13, providing practical tips and exercises for improving sketching skills. Lastly, Chapter 14 introduces computer-aided design and drawing (CADD), tracing its history, advantages, and essential tools and commands for creating precise technical drawings. This comprehensive guide serves as an invaluable companion for students and professionals seeking to master the art and science of engineering drawing. With its detailed explanations, practical examples, and illustrative diagrams, it offers a comprehensive resource for anyone involved in technical drawing and design. Contents CHAPTER-1 Drawing Instruments and Accessories 1.1-1.5 1.1 Introduction, 1.1 1.2 Role of Engineering Drawing, 1.1 1.3 Drawing Instrument and Aids, 1.1 1.3.1 Drawing Board, 1.2 1.3.2 Mini-Draughter, 1.2 1.3.3 Instrument Box, 1.2 1.3.4 Set of Scales, 1.3 1.3.5 French Curves, 1.4 1.3.6 Templates, 1.4 1.3.7 Pencils, 1.4 CHAPTER- 2 Lettering and Dimensioning Practices 2.1-2.25 2.1 Introduction. 2.1 2.2 Drawing Sheet, 2.1 2.2.1 Title Block, 2.2 2.2.2 Drawing Sheet Layout (Is 10711 : 2001), 2.3 2.2.3 Folding of Drawing Sheets, 2.3 2.2.4 Lines (IS 10714 (Part 20): 2001 and SP 46: 2003), 2.4 COli/ellis 2.3 LETTERING [IS 9609 (PART 0) : 2001 AND S~ 46: 2003], 2.7 2.3.1 Importance of Lettering, 2.7 2.3.2 Single Stroke Letters, 2.7 2.3.3 Types of Single Stroke Letters, 2.7 2.3.4 Size of Letters, 2.8 2.3.5 Procedure for Lettering, 2.8 2.3.6 Dimensioning of Type B Letters, 2.8 2.3.7 Lettering Practice, 2.9 2.4 Dimensioning, 2.12 2.4.1 Principles of Dimensioning, 2.13 2.4.2 Execution of Dimensions, 2.15 2.4.3 Methods ofIndicating Dimensions, 2.17 2.4.4 IdentificatiollofShapes, 2.18 2.5 Arrangement of Dimensions, 2.19 CHAPTER- 3 Scales 3.1-3.12 3.1 Introduction, 3.1 3.2 Reducing and Enlarging Scales, 3.1 3.3 Representative Fraction, 3.2 3.4 Types of Scales, 3.2 3.4.1 Plain Scales, 3.2 3.4.2 Diagonal Scales, 3.5 3.4.3 Vernier Scales, 3.9 CHAPTER-4 Geometrical Constructions 4.1-4.51 4.1 Introduction, 4.1 4.2 Conic Sections 4.12 4.2.1 Circle, 4.13 4.2.2 Ellipse, 4.13 4.2.3 Parabola, 4.13 4.2.4 Hyperbola, 4.13 4.2.5 Conic Sections as Loci ofa Moving Point, 4.13 COll1ellts 4.3 Special Curves, 4.27 4.3.1 Cycloid,4.27 4.3.2 Epi-Cycloid and Hypo-Cycloid, 4.28 4.4 Involutes, 4.30 CHAPTER- 5 Orthographic Projections 5.1-5.35 5.1 Introduction, 5.1 5.2 Types of Projections, 5.2 5.2.1 Method ofObtaning, 5.2 5.2.2 Method ofObtaning Top View, 5.:? 5.3 FirstAngle Projectiom, 5.5 5.4 ThirdAngle Projection, 5.5 5.5 Projection of Points, 5.6 5.6 Projection of Lines, 5.13 5.7 Projection of Planes, 5.19 CHAPTER - 6 Projection of Solids 6.1-6.50 6.1 Introduction, 6.1 6.1.2 Polyhedra, 6.1 6.1.3 Regular of Polyhedra, 6.1 6.2 Prisms, 6.2 6.3 Pyramids, 6.3 6.4 Solids of Revolution, 6.3 6.5 Frustums of Truncated Solids, 6.3 6.6 Prims (Problem) Position of a Solid with Respect to the Reference Planes, 6.4 6.7 Pyramids, 6.17 6.8 Cone and Cylinder, 6.23 (xiv) COlltellts 6.9 Application ofOlthographic Projections, 6.30 6.9.1 Selection of Views, 6.30 6.9.2 Simple Solids, 6.30 6.9.3 Three View Drawings, 6.31 6.9.4 Development ofMissiong Views, 6.31 6.10 Types of Auxiliary Views, 6.45 CHAPTER-7 Development of Surfaces CHAPTER-8 7.1 Introduction, 7.1 7.2 Methods of Development, 7.1 7.2.1 Develop[ment of Prism, 7.2 7.2.2 Development ofa Cylinder, 7.2 7.2.3 Development ofa square pyramid with side of base 30 mm and height 60 mm, 7.3 7.2.4 Development of a Cone, 7.5 I ntersection of Surfaces 8.1 Introduction, 8.1 8.2 Intersection of cylinder and cylinder, 8.1 8.3 Intersection of prism and prism, 8.4 CHAPTER-9 Isometric Projection 9.1 Introduction, 9.1 9.2 Principle ofIsometric Projections, 9.1 9.2.1 Lines in Isometric Projection, 9.3 ·9.2.2 Isometric Projection, 9.3 9.2.3 Isometric Drawing, 9.4 9.2.4 Non-Isometric Lines, 9.6 7.1-7.21 8.1-8.5 9.1-9.22 COlltellts (xv) 9.3 Methods of Constructing Isometric Drawing, 9.6 9.3.1 Box Method, 9.7 9.3.2 Off-set Method, 9.7 9.4 Isometric Projection of Planes, 9.7 9.5 Isometric Projection of Prisms, 9.13 9.6 Isometric Projection of Cylinder, 9.15 9.7 Isometric Projection of Pyramid, 9.15 9.8 Isometric Projection of Cone, 9.16 9.9 Isometric Projectin Truncated Cone, 9.17 CHAPTER-10 Oblique and Persepctive Projections 10.1-10.23 10.1 Introduction, 10.1 10.2 Oblique Projection, 10.1 10.3 Classification of Oblique Projection, 10.2 10.4 Methods of Drawing Oblique Projection 10.2 10.4.1 Choice of Position of the Object, 10.3 10.4.2 Angles, Circles and Curves in Oblique Projection 10.3 10.5 Perspective Projection, 10.5 10.5.1 Nomenclature of Perspective Projection, 10.6 10.5.2 Classification of perspective projections, 10.8 10.5.3 Methods of Perspective Projection, 10.10 CHAPTER-11 Conversion of Isometric Views to Orthographic Views and Vice Versa 11.1 Introduction, 11.1 11.2 Selection of views, 11.1 11.1-11.8 11.3 Conversion of Orthographic Views to Isometric Views, 11.7 (xvi) CHAPTER-12 Sections of Solids 12.1 Sectioning of Solids, 12.1 12.1.1 Introduction, 12.1 12.1.2 Types of Section Views, 12.1 12.1.3 Cutting Plane, 12.1 CHAPTER-13 Freehand Sketching 13.1 Introduction, 13.1 CHAPTER-14 Computer Aided Design and Drawing (CADD) 14.1 Introduction, 14.1 14.2 History of CAD, 14.1 14.3 Advantages of CAD, 14.1 14.4 Auto Cad Main Window, 14.2 14.4.1 Starting a New Drawing, 14.2 14.4.2 Opening an Existing Drawing, 14.3 14.4.3 Setting drawing limits, 14.4 14.4.4 Erasing Objects, 14.4 14.4.5 Saving a Drawing File, 14.4 14.4.6 Exiting an AutoCAD Session, 14.4 14.5.2 Polar Coordinates, 14.5 14.5 The Coordinate System, 14.5 14.5.1 Cartesian Coordinates, 14.5 14.6 The Fonnats to Enter Coordinates, 14.6 14.6.1 User-Defined Coordinate System, 14.6 COlltellts 12.1-12.13 13.1-13.6 14.1-14.26 COlltellls 14.7 Choosing Commands in AutoCAD, 14.8 14.7.1 Pull-down Menus [pd menu](Fig 14.6), 14.8 14.7.2 Tool Bar Selection, 14.9 14.7J Activating Tool Bars, 14.9 14.8 Right Mouse Clicking, 14.10 14.8.1 Right Mouse Click Menus, 14.11 14.9 Object Snaps, 14.12 14.9.1 Types of Object Snaps, 14.12 14.9.2 14.9J 14.9.4 14.9.5 14.9.6 14.9.7 14.9.8 14.9.9 14.9.10 Running Object Snaps, 14.13 Dividing an Object into Equal Segments, 14.14 Setting off Equal Distances, 14.14 Polyline Command, 14.14 Ray Command, 14.15 Rectangle Command, 14.15 Arc Command, 14. 15 Circle Command, 14.18 Ellipse Command, 14.19 14.10 The Drawing Tools of CADD, 14.20 14.10.1 Using Line Types, 14.20 14.10.2 Drawing Multiple Parallel Lines, 14.21 14.10J Drawing Flexible Curves, 14.21 14.10.4 Drawing Ellipses and Elliptical Arcs, 14.22